Bagan

Bagan is an ancient city located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar/Burma. From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan, the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern Myanmar. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries, over 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains alone, of which the remains of over 2200 temples and pagodas still survive to present day.

The square temples dominated by Mon influence are distinguished by their dark corridors which are dimly lighted by perforated windows and the bright frescoes of variegated colour with Mon writing on the walls. The typical Bagan Style temples are bright and airy within, with imposing plan and height. But there are also some temples with intermediate forms.

The Shwezigon Phaya (picture below) is a Buddhist temple located in Nyaung-U, a town near Bagan, in Burma/Myanmar. It is a prototype of Burmese stupas, and consists of a circular gold leaf-gilded stupa surrounded by smaller temples and shrines. Construction of the Shwezigon Phaya began during the reign of King Anawrahta and was completed in 1102 AD, during the reign of King Kyansittha of the Pagan Dynasty. The phaya is believed to enshrine a bone and tooth of Gautama Buddha. Within the compound of the Shwezigon Phaya is a stone pillar containing Mon language inscriptions dedicated by King Kyansittha.

Shwezigon Phaya

Built by King Alaungsithu (1113-1163), the Thatbyinnyu is a transitional temple, standing between the Early Style of the Ananda, half a mile to the northeast, and the Late Style of the Gawdawpalin, half a mile to the northwest. It is one of the earliest double-storeyed temples, but the arrangement is different from that of later double-storeyed temples, much as if it were still an experiment in the new form.

Ceiling decorations inside one Phaya

It is possible to travel around Bagan to the different temple sites in horse-drawn carts. You can also hire bicycles and bike around the area on your own.

The Bagan plains has numerous Phayas of various sizes that has survived to this day.

The Ananda Phaya is a Buddhist temple built in 1105 AD during the reign (1084–1113) of King Kyanzittha of the Pagan Dynasty. It is one of four surviving temples in Bagan. The temple layout is in a cruciform with several terraces leading to a small pagoda at the top covered by an umbrella known as hti, which is the name of the umbrella or top ornament found in almost all pagodas in Myanmar/Burma. The Buddhist temple houses four standing Buddhas, each one facing the cardinal direction of East, North, West and South. The temple is said to be an architectural wonder in a fusion of Mon and adopted Indian style of architecture.

Ananda Phaya

Inside the Ananda Phaya

Mahabodhi Tample was modeled after the famous Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya, Bihar State, India during AD 500. It commemorates the spot where the Buddha attained enlightenment. This monument was built during the reign of King Nantaungmya (1211 - 34).

The spire, covered in niches which enclose seated Buddha figures, rises from a square block. This monument is different from the common bell shaped ones in Bagan.

Always take of shoes and socks before entering the Phayas

Decorating of lacquerware which is widely sold throughout Bagan.

Sources: Wikipedia and AncientBagan.com
All photos April 2012: © innwa.blogspot.com